src/mem.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+; int compare(uint8_t* a, uint8_t* b, size_t count);
+;   Compares two memory segment of equal length lexicographically.
+;
+; Arguments:
+; - `r1`: A pointer to the first memory segment.
+; - `r2`: A pointer to the second memory segment.
+; - `r3`: The size of both memory segments.
+; Results:
+; - `r1`:
+;   -  `0` if both segments are equal.
+;   - `<0` if the first segment is less than the second segment.
+;   - `>0` if the first segment is greater than the second segment.
+;
+pub compare:
+    ; Exclusive end point of the first segment.
+    add r3, r3, r1
+    sub r3, r3, 4
+_compare__loop:
+    load_32 r4, [r1]
+    add r1, r1, 4
+    load_32 r5, [r2]
+    add r2, r2, 4
+    ; Comparing two sequences of 4 bytes lexicographically is equivalent to
+    ; comparing the corresponding big endian 32 bit words.
+    cmp r4, r5
+    jne _compare__break
+    ; Check if there are enough bytes left to continue with the vectorized loop.
+    cmp r1, r3
+    jbe _compare__loop
+    ; `r3 + 4 - r1 = <remaining byte count> = r3 - r1 mod 4`
+    sub flags, r3, r1
+    ; Check if one of the lowest 2 bits is non-zero
+    jbe _compare__rem
+    ; If not, we are done. Both segments are equal.
+    mov r1, 0
+    jmp r13
+_compare__break:
+    ; `flags` is the comparison result in the format of `cmp`. Convert it to the desired format.
+    ; 00 => 0x40000000 > 0
+    ; 01 => 0x00000000 = 0
+    ; 10 => 0xC0000000 < 0
+    xor r1, flags, 1
+    lsl r1, r1, 30
+    jmp r13
+_compare__rem:
+    ; Compute `S = 8*(4 - <remaining byte count>)` and
+    ; [r1] >> S, [r2] >> S
+    mov r3, 8
+    load_32 r4, [r1]
+    sub r3, r3, flags
+    load_32 r5, [r2]
+    lsl r3, r3, 3
+    lsr r4, r4, r3
+    lsr r5, r5, r3
+    ; Compare both values, now with garbage bytes removed.
+    cmp r4, r5
+    jmp _compare__break
+
+
+; void copy(void* src, void* dest, size_t count);
+;   Copies `count` bytes from `src` to `dest`. The two memory segments must not overlap.
+;
+; Arguments:
+; - `r1`: Pointer to the memory segment to be copied.
+; - `r2`: Pointer to the memory segment to be copied into.
+; - `r3`: Byte size of both the `src` and `dest` segments.
+;
+pub copy:
+    ; Exclusive end point of the source segment.
+    add r3, r1, r3
+    ; Last index from where we can safely copy 8 bytes per loop iteration.
+    sub r3, r3, 8
+    jmp _copy__loop_entry
+_copy__loop:
+    ; Copy 8 bytes from `src` to `dest`.
+    load_32 flags, [r1]
+    add r1, r1, 4
+    store_32 [r2], flags
+    add r2, r2, 4
+    load_32 flags, [r1]
+    add r1, r1, 4
+    store_32 [r2], flags
+    add r2, r2, 4
+_copy__loop_entry:
+    ; Check if we can process more data in the vectorized loop.
+    cmp r1, r3
+    jbe _copy__loop
+    ; The remaining amount of bytes `R` is `R = r3 + 8 - r1 = r3 - r1 mod 8`.
+    sub flags, r3, r1
+    ; Test if `R` is not a multiple of `4`, i.e. the lowest 2 bits are non-zero.
+    jbe _copy__rem
+    ; `R` is a multiple of `4`. Special case this.
+    ; Check if `R` is `0`, i.e. the third bit is also 0. In that case, we are already done.
+    ; There are no conditional indirect jumps, so we can't return immediately.
+    jge _copy__ret
+    ; `R = 4`. No need to update `r1` or `r2`, we don't need them anymore.
+    load_32 flags, [r1]
+    store_32 [r2], flags
+_copy__ret:
+    ; Return
+    jmp r13
+_copy__rem:
+    ; Optimize the remaining cases for code size.
+    ; End point of the source segment.
+    add r3, r3, 8
+    ; We already handled the case `R = 0` earlier,
+    ; so no bounds check needed for the first iteration.
+_copy__rem_loop:
+    ; Copy 1 byte.
+    load_8 flags, [r1]
+    add r1, r1, 1
+    store_8 [r2], flags
+    add r2, r2, 1
+    ; Check if we are still within the bounds.
+    cmp r1, r3
+    jb _copy__rem_loop
+    jmp r13
+    
+; void fill32(uint8_t* dest, size_t count, uint32_t value);
+;   Fills `count` bytes in `dest` with `value`. If `count` is not a multiple of 4, 
+;   the least significant bytes of `value` are cut off for the last entry.
+;
+; Arguments:
+; - `r1`: A pointer to the destination segment.
+; - `r2`: The size of the destination segment.
+; - `r3`: The 32 bit value that the segment is filled with.
+;
+pub fill32:
+    ; Exclusive end point of the destination segment.
+    add r2, r1, r2
+    ; Last index from where we can safely write 8 bytes per loop iteration.
+    sub r2, r2, 8
+    jmp _fill32__entry
+_fill32__loop:
+	; Set 8 bytes per loop iteraion.
+    store_32 [r1], r3
+    add r1, r1, 4
+    store_32 [r1], r3
+    add r1, r1, 4
+_fill32__entry:
+    ; Check if we can process more data in the vectorized loop.
+    cmp r1, r2
+    jbe _fill32__loop
+    ; The remaining amount of bytes `R` is `R = r2 + 8 - r1 = r2 - r1 mod 8`.
+    sub flags, r2, r1
+    ; Check if the third bit of the remainder is cleared.
+    jge _fill32__r4
+    ; Otherwise set 4 bytes.
+    store_32 [r1], r3
+    add r1, r1, 4
+_fill32__r4:
+    ; Check if the two least significant bits of the remainder are zero.
+    ja _fill32__ret
+    ; Handle the remaining bytes `R` individually, in reverse order.
+    add r2, r2, 4
+    ; `r1 + 4 - r2 = 4 - R`.
+    sub flags, r1, r2
+    ; Exclusive end point of the destination segment.
+    add r2, r2, 4
+    ; Shift out the least significant `8*(4 - R)` bits of the value.
+    lsl flags, flags, 3
+    lsr r3, r3, flags
+    jmp _fill32__loop2_entry
+_fill32__loop2:
+    sub r2, r2, 1
+    ; Write the least significant byte of the value...
+    store_8 [r2], r3
+    ; and then shift it out.
+    lsr r3, r3, 8
+_fill32__loop2_entry:
+    cmp r1, r2
+    jb _fill32__loop2
+_fill32__ret:
+    jmp r13

src/stdlib.asm

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ pub include bit
 pub include imath
 pub include array
 pub include console
+pub include mem
 
 ; Needs to be last!
 pub include LUTs

src/unsafe_mem.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+; int compare(uint8_t* a, uint8_t* b, size_t count);
+;   Compares two memory segment of equal length lexicographically.
+;   Temporarily modifies the byte at address `a + count`.
+;
+; Arguments:
+; - `r1`: A pointer to the first memory segment.
+; - `r2`: A pointer to the second memory segment.
+; - `r3`: The size of both memory segments.
+; Results:
+; - `r1`:
+;   -  `0` if both segments are equal.
+;   - `<0` if the first segment is less than the second segment.
+;   - `>0` if the first segment is greater than the second segment.
+pub compare:
+    cmp r1, r2
+    je _compare__is_eq
+    ; Exclusive end point of the second segment.
+    add r4, r3, r2
+    ; Exclusive end point of the first segment.
+    add r3, r3, r1
+    load_8 r6, [r3]
+    load_8 flags, [r4]
+    ; Check if the first bytes behind the sequences are equal.
+    cmp flags, r6
+    jne _compare__loop
+    ; Change the byte directly behind the first segment.
+    xor r4, r6, 1
+    ; This would be problematic if someone calls compare with a first segment
+    ; whose end point overlaps the program memory of this function.
+    store_8 [r3], r4
+_compare__loop:
+    load_32 r4, [r1]
+    add r1, r1, 4
+    load_32 r5, [r2]
+    add r2, r2, 4
+    ; Comparing two sequences of 4 bytes lexicographically is equivalent to
+    ; comparing the corresponding big endian 32 bit words.
+    cmp r4, r5
+    je _compare__loop
+    ; We overshot in the loop; decrement r1 again. (Only by 2, we backtrack the rest if necessary later)
+    sub r1, r1, 2
+    ; Restore the byte we changed.
+    store_8 [r3], r6
+    ; We encountered two different words. Figure out what byte they differ on.
+    xor r4, r4, r5
+    ; Store the flags for later, to figure out the return value.
+    mov r5, flags
+    ; Check if at least one of the two most significant bytes is not 0.
+    cmp r4, 0xffff
+    jbe _compare__low2
+    ; If it is, backtrack the remaining 2 indices.
+    ; Shift the most significant bytes to the least significant ones.
+    sub r1, r1, 2
+    lsr r4, r4, 16
+_compare__low2:
+    ; r1 now points to a non-zero 16 bit value.
+    ; If the 16 bit value at r1-2 is in-bounds, then it is 0.
+    ; Check if the most significant byte of the 16 bit value is 0.
+    cmp r4, 0xff
+    ja _compare__low1
+    ; If it is, our target is the least significant byte.
+    add r1, r1, 1
+_compare__low1:
+    ; Otherwise, the target is that non-zero byte.
+    ; Check if the target is out of bounds, i.e. the loop terminated through the "bounds check".
+    cmp r1, r3
+    jae _compare__is_eq
+    ; r5 is the comparison result in the format of `cmp`. Convert it to the desired format.
+    ; 00 => 0x40000000 > 0
+    ; 01 => 0x00000000 = 0
+    ; 10 => 0xC0000000 < 0
+    xor r1, r5, 1
+    lsl r1, r1, 30
+    jmp r13
+_compare__is_eq:
+    mov r1, 0
+    jmp r13